Malayalam Aksharamala

Malayalam Aksharamala (മലയാളം അക്ഷരമാല) are the combined syllable letters of Malayalam — formed by joining a consonant (വ്യഞ്ജനം) with a vowel (സ്വരം). The word "Aksharamala" literally means garland of letters in Malayalam.

Traditional Malayalam grammar recognises 36 consonants combined with 13 vowel forms to produce 504 syllables. These syllables form the core building blocks of every Malayalam word.

This chart contains 504 syllables — 36 consonants combined with 14 vowel forms each (13 vowels + 1 pure consonant form with virama ്).

The 14 vowel columns are: അ, ആ, ഇ, ഈ, ഉ, ഊ, ഋ, എ, ഏ, ഐ, ഒ, ഓ, ഔ and the pure consonant form (virama ്) which removes the inherent vowel sound.

Malayalam letters are classified into groups: Swaraksharanghal (സ്വരാക്ഷരങ്ങൾ) are the pure vowel letters; Vyanjanaksharanghal (വ്യഞ്ജനാക്ഷരങ്ങൾ) are the pure consonant letters; and Aksharamala (അക്ഷരമാല) refers to the complete alphabet including combined syllable letters formed when a consonant merges with a vowel sign (mātra).

Together, these make up the complete Malayalam script — a system that covers every possible syllable in the Malayalam language.

Malayalam vowel signs (മാത്ര / mātra) are diacritics that attach to a consonant to change its vowel sound. For example, adding ാ (aa) to ക (ka) produces കാ (kaa).

All vowel signs in Malayalam attach after the consonant in Unicode. Some signs like െ (e) and േ (ee) appear visually before the consonant in print, while split signs like ൊ (o) and ോ (oo) wrap around both sides of the consonant.

The virama (്) is the Malayalam vowel-cancelling mark. It is placed after a consonant to remove the inherent vowel sound, producing a pure consonant — for example, ക (ka) becomes ക് (k) with a virama.

The last column of every row in this chart shows the pure consonant form with virama. This is also how conjunct consonants are formed in Malayalam — by combining a virama consonant with the next consonant.

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